Ứng dụng

In modern days, a new breed of energetic (explosive) materials is emerging. Traditional aromatic nitrates are still in use, but there is dire need of analytical techniques for energetic materials in the chemical class of peroxides, azo etc. This presentation will demonstrate the use of a modern HPLC system with traditional detector (DAD) and also coupled with mass spectrometry for the analysis of abovementioned various classes of energetic materials.

Hydrogen peroxide solutions can be determined through thermometric endpoint titration (TET) using iodometry. Iodide is oxidized to become iodine, which is then titrated with a standard thiosulfate solution in an exothermic reaction.

Visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy can be used as a fast and accurate analytical method for the quantification of different analytes and active ingredients in detergents, such as tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), sodium percarbonate (PCS), and enzymes. This Application Note shows how NIRS can be used for multi-constituent analyses in detergents in a single measurement.

Monitoring hydrogen peroxide content online in the HP-PO production process requires a rugged explosion-proof solution like the 2060 TI Ex Proof Process Analyzer.

Precise online monitoring of peracetic acid (PPA) for beverage bottling requires a reliable stainless steel process analyzer.

Salmon farms are becoming ever more popular. Strong population growth increases the demand for salmon which has an effect on their cultivation. Ever more fish live in limited space in open net cages. Parasites such as salmon lice can multiply quickly due to the high density of fish. One possibility of fighting the lice is to use baths with weak concentrations of H2O2. The salmon are treated in these concentrations for up to 20 minutes until the lice fall away and die. While it is true that hydrogen peroxide decomposes relatively quickly, it is nonetheless deadly for salmon in higher concentrations. The concentration must therefore always lie within the specifications during treatment. Our process analyzer requires less than two minutes per titration. This means that it permits more concentration determinations per treatment and always guarantees the correct dosage.

The planarity and smoothness of silicon wafers are fundamental to manufacture optimal semiconductor devices, and Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) is the most common technology used to achieve ultra-flat surfaces. A slurry is used for this purpose, composed of deionized water, a colloidal silicon or alumina liquid dispersion, and hydrogen peroxide, which has to be constantly monitored at all times. Online monitoring of the CMP process is necessary to avoid chemical waste and enhance wafer production yields. Metrohm Process Analytics can measure not only the H2O2 concentration, but also pH, conductivity, and temperature using the multipurpose 2060 Process Analyzer.

Rapid inline monitoring of the major SC1/SC2 bath constituents is possible with reagent-free near-infrared spectroscopy, e.g., the 2060 The NIR-R Analyzer.

Ăn mòn (Etching) là một quy trình quan trọng trong chế tạo bán dẫn, liên quan đến việc loại bỏ hóa học các lớp trên nền wafer. Các biện pháp kiểm soát chất lượng nghiêm ngặt là cần thiết để xác định nồng độ axit ăn mòn trong các dung dịch axit hỗn hợp (ví dụ: SPM, DSP hoặc DSP+), điều này rất quan trọng để tối ưu hóa tốc độ ăn mòn, độ chọn lọc và độ đồng đều trong nhiều bước ăn mòn wafer. Ứng dụng này trình bày một phương pháp để đo đồng thời axit sulfuric và hydrogen peroxide trong các bể ăn mòn bằng quang phổ Raman với PTRam Analyzer từ Metrohm Process Analytics.

Peroxides are often used for disinfection and water treatment purposes due to their antiseptic properties. Lower concentrations between 0.3–3% are used in households, while higher concentrations can be used for sterilization purposes. Additionally, peroxides are utilized as oxidizing and bleaching agents. Peroxides, perborates, and percarbonates can easily be determined by titration. This application note presents two titration methods for peroxide analysis: ASTM D2180 for concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions, and a second method for trace determination of hydrogen peroxide, suitable for concentrations as low as 0.4 mg/L.

Determination of perborate, percarbonate, or persulfate in washing powder by iodometric potentiometric titration using the Pt-Titrode.

Propylene oxide (PO) is a major industrial product used in assorted industrial applications, mainly for the production of polyols (the building blocks for polyurethane plastics). Several production methods exist, with and without co-products. This white paper lays out opportunities to optimize PO production for safer and more efficient processes, higher quality products, and substantial time savings by using online process analysis instead of laboratory measurements.