Filtro de Aplicações

Este documento descreve a determinação complexométrica e potenciométrica de íons metálicos por titulação com EDTA, utilizando um eletrodo íon-seletivo de cobre (Cu-ISE) com haste de epóxi durável e membrana de cristal. Como o eletrodo é insensível a agentes complexantes, um complexo pré-formado de Cu-metal deve ser introduzido na amostra antes da análise. O método, aplicável tanto à titulação direta quanto à retrotitulação, utiliza as constantes de formação EDTA-metal para definir os pontos de equivalência e permite a quantificação em diversas matrizes diferentes.

After acid digestion, the sample solution is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to form sodium dihydrogen phosphate. An excess of lanthanum nitrate is added and the released nitric acid is then titrated with sodium hydroxide solution. NaH2PO4 + La(NO3)3 → LaPO4 + 2 HNO3 + NaNO3 This determination method is suitable for higher phosphate concentrations.

This Bulletin describes the fully automated determination of uranium according to the method of Davies and Gray: Uranium(VI) is reduced in concentrated phosphoric acid solution with iron(II) to form Uranium(IV). With molybdenum as a catalyst, the excess iron(II) is oxidized with nitric acid. The nitrous acid that is formed is destroyed with sulfamic acid before uranium(IV) is titrated with a potassium dichromate solution in the presence of a vanadium catalyst.

Determination of calcium and magnesium in a dolomite sample using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

The exploration and processing of lithium ores is gaining importance with the growing demand for lithium hydroxide. Lithium hydroxide is a key component in the manufacturing of rechargeable batteries for use in various applications including electric vehicles, home storage systems, power tools and consumer electronics. To ensure the efficiency for advanced processing of high purity lithium hydroxide, a fast and reliable quantitative detection technique is required. This application has been developed to monitor the lithium, sodium, and calcium content in the lithium processing samples and mineral concentrates.

O minério de ferro é um recurso importante para a produção de aço. Seu conteúdo natural de halogênios é uma característica de qualidade devido à corrosividade dos respectivos halogenetos. O CI de combustão que aplica a tecnologia de frasco de sacrifício é usado para a análise de flúor e cloro no minério. OS3 geralmente é adicionado para melhorar a liberação de SO2 e, portanto, recuperação de enxofre. Nesta aplicação, também melhora significativamente a recuperação de flúor.

With the advent of electric automobiles, the demand for lithium batteries and with it the demand for lithium material will increase sharply. Brine lakes and hard silicate minerals are numbered among the most important sources of lithium. This Application Note addresses cation determination in seepage water from lithium minerals. Alkali and earth alkali metals are separated in the lithium digestions on the Metrosep C Supp 1 - 250/4.0 column, with subsequent conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determinação de boro em minérios do elemento como bórax e ulexita.

Potash is commonly mined from ore, deposited after ancient inland oceans evaporated. The potassium salt is then purified in evaporation ponds. At the end of this process, the potash is typically obtained as potassium chloride. Potash is mainly used as fertilizer, providing potassium—an essential nutrient—to plants. Additionally, it is used in the chemical industry and to produce medicine. Potassium content in potash is typically determined by flame photometry (F-AES) or ICP-OES. However, these techniques have high investment and running costs. By applying the historically used gravimetric precipitation reaction as a thermometric titration, it becomes possible to rapidly and inexpensively determine the potassium content in potash within minutes.

Gold leaching by cyanidation requires precise monitoring of cyanide and gold. Online process analyzers perform such measurements, improving safety and compliance.

This Process Application Note is dedicated to the online analysis of zinc, iron and sulfuric acid in several stages of the zinc production process. Additionally, traces of germanium, antimony as well as transition metals (e.g., Ni, Co, Cu, Cd, Sb) can be precisely determined (< 50 µg/L) in the purification filtrates and reactor trains.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, and iodide in mineral extracts using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in potassium tetraborate (KB4O7 * 4 H2O) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of palladium(II) by potentiometric titration with hexadecylpyridinium chloride using the «Ionic Surfactant» electrode.

This Application Note treats the photometric titration of nickel using the Optrode (520 nm). Murexide was used as the indicator and EDTA as the titrant.

The total iron content in iron ore plays a central economic role for mining companies. The higher the iron content in the ore, the more profitable the mining operation. Therefore, a fast and accurate analysis is important to determine the most profitable areas to work. The iron ore is dissolved in hydrochloric acid at 80 °C. Afterwards, the iron is quickly and accurately determined by potentiometric titration using the Pt-ring electrode and potassium dichromate as titrant.

A pureza dos elementos de terras raras (REEs) pode ser determinada por titulação complexométrica absoluta com xylenol orange (ISO 23597). Essa abordagem alcança recuperação de aproximadamente 100%, elimina a necessidade de calibração e oferece maior exatidão e reprodutibilidade do que técnicas como AAS (espectroscopia de absorção atômica). A titulação fotométrica com o Optrode M2 oferece detecção de comprimento de onda ajustável, proporcionando uma alternativa rápida, precisa e de baixo custo em relação a outros métodos convencionais.

Os elementos de terras raras (REEs) são materiais críticos cuja viabilidade de exploração e cujos fluxos de processamento exigem a determinação precisa da fração mássica durante a dissolução e a purificação do minério. Esta Nota de Aplicação descreve uma retrotitulação potenciométrica rápida, utilizando um eletrodo íon-seletivo de cobre (Cu-ISE), que permite a quantificação seletiva e a separação parcial de REEs em matrizes complexas, com recuperação quase quantitativa. Por se tratar de um método absoluto, flexível e de baixo custo, com preparo de amostra compatível com ICP, a retrotitulação é adequada tanto como técnica de referência quanto para análises rápidas em campo.

In gold mining, there is a tendency to switch from cyanide leaching to the much less toxic thiosulfate leaching process. Thiosulfate leaching is a sensitive process that requires more optimization of the components of the leach reaction to maximize gold recovery and reagent loss. Sulfite, thiosulfate, thiocyanate, and tetrathionate are separated on a Metrosep A Supp 5 - 250/4.0 column. Perchlorate is choosen as an eluent as most of the metal perchlorates are soluble in water. This avoids metal precipitation in the IC System.

This article describes the coupling of ion chromatography with mass spectrometry (IC-MS) and plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP/MS) for the trace analysis of potentially hazardous compounds in the environment.

Ion measurement can be conducted in several different ways, e.g., ion chromatography (IC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), or atom absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Each of these are well-established, widely used methods in analytical laboratories. However, the initial costs are relatively high. In contrast, ion measurement by the use of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) is a promising alternative to these costly techniques. This White Paper explains the challenges which may be encountered when applying standard addition or direct measurement, and how to overcome them in order for analysts to gain more confidence with this type of analysis.