Applications

The determination of transition metals by ion chromatography is possible with direct conductivity detection (see AN-C-137) as well as with UV/VIS detection after post-column reaction. Here, the cations are separated as anionic complexes and analyzed after post-column reaction with PAR with subsequent UV/VIS detection. Speciation determination of iron (separation of Fe(II) and Fe(III)) is possible with this procedure. For trace analysis, Metrohm Inline Preconcentration Technique (MiPCT) is applied.

The analytical challenge treated in the present work consists in detecting trace concentrations (ppb) of bromide in the presence of a strong chloride matrix. This problem was overcome by separating the bromide ions from the main fraction of the early eluting chloride matrix (several g/L) by applying two sequential chromatographic separations on the same column. After the first separation, the main fraction of the interfering chloride matrix is flushed to waste, while the later eluting anions are diverted to an anion-retaining preconcentration column. After elution in counter flow, the bromide ions are efficiently separated from the marginal chloride residues. The four-point calibration curves for bromide and sulfate are linear in the range of 10…100 µg/L and 200…800 µg/L and yield correlation coefficients of 0.99988 and 0.99953 respectively. For the method shown here, a second injection valve and a preconcentration column are the only additional devices needed to master this demanding separation problem.

Monitoring the range of organic acids in wine is crucial to improve flavor and quality, and to fulfill universal standardized criteria such as the International Code of Oenological Practices. Analytically, organic acids can be properly determined with ion chromatography (IC) and suppressed conductivity detection. As a multicomponent method, inorganic acids can also be resolved which are also valuable tracers for wine quality and taste. This Application Note presents two IC methods for wine quality analysis: a fast isocratic screening method of major organic acids and anions including sulfite, and a complex monitoring method with a binary gradient to separate 15 organic acids. Inline Ultrafiltration was used for economical sample treatment.

This Bulletin gives a survey of standard methods from the field of water analysis. You will also find the analytical instruments required for the respective determinations and references to the corresponding Metrohm Application Bulletins and Application Notes. The following parameters are dealt with: electrical conductivity, pH value, fluoride, ammonium and Kjeldahl nitrogen, anions and cations by means of ion chromatography, heavy metals by means of voltammetry, chemical oxygen demand (COD), water hardness, free chlorine as well as a few other water constituents.

The combination of 940 Professional IC Vario, 942 Extension Module Vario LQH and 941 Eluent Preparation Module enables process monitoring with the aid of ion chromatography. Assigned the designation ProfIC Vario 12 Anion, this combination is the anion variant of Metrohm Process IC. Intelligent preconcentration technology with matrix elimination is used for sample preparation. The use of an ELGA PURELAB® Flex 6 guarantees the supply of ultrapure water of the highest quality, particularly in cases of high numbers of samples.

Metal precipitation and cyanide recovery in the SART process (sulfidization, acidification, recycling, thickening) depend to a great extent on the sulfide concentration. Among the flow injection analysis methods coupled to wet-chemical analyzers, the combination of a gas diffusion cell with an ion chromatograph (IC) plus subsequent direct spectrophotometric detection has proven to be one of the most convenient methods of sulfide analysis.This paper deals with the determination of sulfide anions via the coupling of a gas diffusion cell to an IC with subsequent spectrophotometric detection.

Partial loop injection is a well known way of sample introduction to HPLC. In ion chromatography, it is not yet used to a large extent. Liquid handling with Metrohm's Dosino technology now enables to use partial loop injection on a highly reproducible and accurate level. It includes multi-level calibration out of one standard solution. This Application Note shows its use for parallel anion and cation determination in tap water applying one single Sample Processor. The anion results are shown in Application Note S–287.

The determination of cations in tap water is a simple IC application. Here it is used to present Metrohm's intelligent Pick-up Technique (MiPuT). MiPuT enables the injection of volumes of minimum size from very small sample quantities. In the present case, two volumes of 10 µL from a sample 100 µL in size are used for anion and cation analysis, respectively. The calibration takes place through the injection of various volumes of a single standard solution. AN-S-302 describes the corresponding anion determination.

High-pressure gradients combine the advantages of weak and concentrated eluents. Weak eluents promote the separation of the components that elute early and in close proximity to one another; in contrast to this, concentrated eluents accelerate the analysis of the components that are stronger retained at the column. The high-pressure gradient used in this application makes it possible to separate 15 organic acid anions in a single run. The blank subtraction option in the MagIC Net software simplifies the allocation of the peaks and with it the quantification.

Due to its price and wide availability, the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS; SDS) can be found in many detergents as an emulsifier or as a fat solvent e.g., in cleaning or cosmetic products. To avoid causing severe dry skin and hair, and thus skin irritation, regulations in many countries have restricted the sodium lauryl sulfate concentration in ready-to-use products to a range between 0.05–2.5% SLS. To control the concentration of SLS in different products, a titration is carried out with TEGO® trant A100 and the Optrode. The evaluation is done automatically by means of a software, leading to reliable and reproducible results.

By means of azide analysis in Irbesartan a simple, fast, precise and accurate ion chromatographic method for the determination of traces of inorganic contaminants in pharmaceuticals is described. Traces of toxic azides in pharmaceutical products can accurately be determined in the sub-ppb range after Metrohm Inline Matrix Elimination using isocratic ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection. While the azide anions are retained on the preconcentration column, the interfering pharmaceutical matrix is washed away by a transfer solution, ideally consisting of 70% methanol and 30% ultrapure water. The analytical setup provides a well-resolved azide peak and thus alleviates the common drawback of excipient interferences, especially from the nitrate anion. Calibration with azide standards is linear over the range of 5…80 ppb, providing a coefficient of determination of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of azide in Irbesartan are 5 and 30 µg/L respectively; the relative standard deviations (RSD) for the peak area, peak height and retention time being smaller than 3.9%. Robustness testing involved variation of column oven temperature and composition of the transfer solution and, in terms of peak area, provided RSDs smaller than 2.8% and 3.1% respectively.

Lanthanum (La) is a transition metal which oxidizes easily in air to lanthanum(III) oxide. This oxide, as well as salts resulting from its dissolution in acid and recrystallization, is a component of different catalysts. Here, a lanthanum(III) acetate solution prepared by dissolution of lanthanum(III) oxide in acetic acid, has to be tested for a sodium contamination. The high concentration of La3+ is complexed by the dipicolinic acid in the eluent and forms anionic complexes. These complexes are eluted in the front and therefore do not interfere with the sodium impurity as well as other cations such as ammonium and calcium.

Determination of nitrite in mineral water using anion chromatography with UV detection.

Determination of sulfide in mining wastewater using anion chromatography with UV detection.

Determination of pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, and trimetaphosphate using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of perchlorate in process water using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of cyanide using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode.

Determination of silicate in tap water using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of carbonate in washing powder using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of sulfide in an effluent sample using anion chromatography with amperometric detection.

Determination of bromide in calcium chloride using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection.

Determination of bromide and bromate in drinking water using anion chromatography with MS detection.

Determination of methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of traces of carbonate in urea using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of chromate using anion chromatography with post-column reaction and UV/VIS detection.

Determination of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS, sodium laurylsulfate) using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of borate in a borate effluent using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of bromide and sulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of thiooctanoate in wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chromate in cement using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of perchlorate and thiosulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of fluoride and chloride in gypsum using anion chromatography and subsequent direct conductometric detection.

Determination of fosetyl-aluminum (aluminum tris(o-ethylphosphate)) using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of borate and silicate in washing powder using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of borate and silicate in ultrapure water using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of bromide in NaCl crystals using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of acetate, monochloroacetate, and dichloroacetate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of NTA, HEDP, and ATMP using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride in adipic acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of bromate in mineral water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride in bethanechol tablets using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfate in gentamicin sulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride in green tea using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfate in methanedisulfonic acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of sulfide in a raw vanadate solution using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection.

Determination of acetate and methansulfonate in an organic salt using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of acetate, lactate, and chloride in electrolyte solutions using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of sulfate in hydrochloric acid digest of gypsum using anion chromatography with direct conductometric detection.

Determination of chloride, sulfate, oxalate, and fumarate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of nitrite and nitrate in wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of iodide in common salt using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode.

Determination of sulfate in methansulfonic acid (70%) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride in concentrated nitric acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection and chemical suppression.

Determination of iodide in a table salt using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride in a child's sweat using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in ethanol using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fosetyl-aluminum in a formulation using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) in Benfield solution using anion chromatography with UV detection.

Determination of carbonate in a solution of methyl-monoethanol-amine with anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of chloride, bromide, and iodide in alkaline combustion solutions using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of traces of bromide and iodide using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode.

Determination of acetate, chloride, and malate in an infusion solution using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of nitrate in a nickel plating bath using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection (205 nm).

Determination of acetate and formate in an amine solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after suppression.

Determination of phosphate and tetrafluoroborate in 2% HF using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chlorite and chlorate in tap water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in methanol using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of acetate and dichloroacetate in chloroacetic acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in hypophosphoric acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in succinic acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of phosphoric acid in a soft drink using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of oxalate and citrate in human urine using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of acetate and methanesulfonate (MSA) in olsalazine using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, and citrate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and oxalate in dried potatoes using anion chromatography with direct conductometric detection.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate in plant leaf extracts using anion chromatography with direct conductometric detection.

Determination of traces of iodide in HCl (25%) using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at a silver electrode.

Determination of traces of bromide in HCl (32%) using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode.

Determination of nitrate, sulfate, and thiocyanate in additives for building materials using anion chromatography with direct conductometric detection.

Determination of acetate, phosphate, chloride, and citrate in an infusion solution using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in effluent after Metrohm Inline Dialysis using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, bromide, and sulfate in synthetic seawater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of phosphate and sulfate in a cleaning solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfate in wastewater after nitric acid combustion using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of traces of chloride in a technical product using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of acetate, propionate, formate, and chloride in water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of gluconate, fluoride, formate, chloride, nitrate, and salicylate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in sodium thiocyanate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chlorite, chloride, sulfite, and oxalate in beer using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chlorate, nitrate, and perchlorate in firecracker powder using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of lactate, acetate, chloride, methylsulfate, bromide, and sulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of nitrite and nitrate in a plant extract using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, and chloride in gasoline using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of nitrate and phosphate in a liquid fertilizer using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in produced water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of HEDPA, PBTC, and NTP using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection after post column reaction (PCR).

Determination of chlorite, chlorate, and perchlorate in explosion residue using anion chromatography with conductivity and MS detection in tandem.

Determination of traces of nitrite, thiosulfate, and iodide using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the carbon paste electrode.

Determination of traces of iodide in acetic acid using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the carbon paste electrode.

Determination of chloride, sulfite, and sulfate in a surfactant solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of glycolate, acetate, and chloride in monochloroacetic acid (MCA) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, bromide, and sulfate in photographic process wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chlorite and nitrite using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the carbon paste electrode after chemical suppression.

Determination of acetate, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in aluminum oxide using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, sulfate, iodide, and molybdate in mineral tablets using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of nitrate and sulfate in sodium phosphinate (sodium hypophosphite) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, phosphate, monofluorophosphate, and sulfate in toothpaste using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of total phosphate in wastewater after digestion with peroxodisulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of α-glycerophosphate and β-glycerophosphate in amino acids using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of o-phosphate, pyrophosphate, and trimetaphosphate in sodium tripolyphosphate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection and chemical suppression.

Determination of citrate, dipolyphosphate, and tripolyphosphate in a food additive using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfate, molybdate, and chromate in a plating bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of oxalate, thiosulfate, and thiocyanate in an amine solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of phosphate and sulfate in a liquid polymer sample using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of iodate, chlorite, bromate, and nitrite using suppressed anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection after post-column reaction.

Determination of nitrite, bromide, nitrate, and iodide in 10 g/L sodium chloride using anion chromatography with UV detection.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulphate in sugar-containing solutions without matrix elimination using anion chromatography with direct conductometric detection.

Determination of acetate, chloride, phosphate, and succinate in an infusion solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, phosphate, phosphite, and sulfate in a dye solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfite in ginger powder using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of bromide and sulfate in brine (300 g/L NaCl) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in potassium tetraborate (KB4O7 * 4 H2O) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of formate, acetate, chloride, benzoate, and oxalate in phenolic extracts using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of hexafluorophosphate in an ionic liquid BMIHFP (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, >97%) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrite, and sulfate in a used zinc bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, and chloride in a brake fluid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride and bromide in an absorption solution after Wickbold digestion using anion chromatographywith conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of nitrate and sulfate in a fertilizer after acid digestion using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of nitrate in a nickel plating bath using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection (205 nm) after chemical suppression.

Determination of chlorate and sulfate in a brine solution (1.5% NaCl) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of N-acetylcysteine and phenylalanine in tablets against sinusitis by anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection according to USP.

Determination of chloride, bromide, phosphate, and sulfate in an ashed baking additive using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Separation of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, and tetrafluoroborate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in ultrapure water after sample preconcentration using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfate in diesel engine coolant using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and sulfate in bath salts (sea salt) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and chromate in a cataphoretic paint bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of 2-fluorobenzoate in a water deposit from the oil production industry using anion chromatography with conductivity detection and chemical suppression.

Determination of iodide in milk powder using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline sample preparation by dialysis.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, and sulfate in an absorption solution containing H2O2 using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfite, and sulfate in an etching bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfate, phosphate, and pyrophosphate in human urine and mice urine using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, and nitrate in concentrated sulfuric acid (96…98%) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

According to the described method, NTA and EDTA can be determined in mass concentrations of 0.05 mg/L up to 25 mg/L in polluted water and wastewater.At first NTA and EDTA are converted to the corresponding Bi complexes by addition of Bi3+ ions at a pH value of 2.0. As these Bi complexes have significantly different peak potentials, they can be determined simultaneously by DP polarography. The interfering anions nitrite, sulfite, and sulfide are removed from the sample by acidification and purging. Interfering cations are removed by cation exchange; any NTA or EDTA heavy metal complexes present in the sample are disintegrated during this procedure. To remove surfactants and other organic components interfering with the analysis, the sample solution is run through a column filled with non-polar adsorber resin.

Determination of silica (as silicate) in pure water with preconcentration using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection (without any post-column reaction).

Determination of iodide in wastewater (dye industry) using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of citric, malic, quinic, succinic, lactic, formic, and acetic acid in roasted coffee using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after suppression.

Determination of hypophosphite, formate, phosphate, adipate, p-nitrobenzoate, and sebacate in ethylene glycol using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Reproducibility of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate in the ppb range using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of adipic acid and phthalic acid in an alkaline ester digestion solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of arsenite, arsenate, selenite, selenate, chloride, and sulfate using anion chromatography with a combination of suppressed and non-suppressed conductivity detection.

Determination of sulfate, phosphate, citrate, pyrophosphate, trimetaphosphate, and tripolyphosphate in a washing powder using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of traces of perchlorate in a sample with a high salt load using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, MSA (methylsulfonic acid), EDSA (ethyldisulfonic acid), and MDSA (methyldisulfonic acid) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfate in an ethanol sample used as an additive for gasoline using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate in metam potassium (potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide in petroleum coke after microwave combustion using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of bromide and nitrate in 1% sodium chloride solution using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection (205 nm) after chemical suppression.

Determination of sulfide and thiosulfate in a process water using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection after chemical suppression and conductivity detection.

Determination of phosphate and phosphite in poly(phosphonic acid) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of chloride, chlorate, and sulfate in soda lye (NaOH 50%) after inline neutralization using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of traces of chlorite and bromate in Herisau tap water with direct injection using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of acetate, chloride, and sulfate in mayonnaise using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline sample preparation by dialysis.

Determination of citrate and isocitrate in orange juice using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of fluorophosphate in effervescent tablets using anion chromatography with conductivity detection afterchemical suppression applying a step gradient to elute strongly retained components.

Determination of hypophosphite, phosphite, and phosphate in a nickel bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline cation exchange.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in cobalt acetate solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression using Metrohm Inline Dilution.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, and nitrate in a solution of NiSO4, ZnSO4 in sulfuric acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and citrate in beverages using anion chromatography with a high-pressure gradient and conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in an electrolyte used in sensors for transcutaneous CO2 measurement using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of hypophosphite, phosphite, and phosphate in the presence of fluoride, chloride, and sulfate in process water using anion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection.

Determination of acetate, chloride, sulfate, and citrate in a pharmaceutical product using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of fluoride, glycolate, monochloroacetate, and chloride in a surfactant solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of fluoride, glycolate, chloride, and oxalate in a latex dispersion using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of chloride, chlorate, and sulfate in soda lye (50% sodium hydroxide) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression and Metrohm Inline Neutralization.

Determination of chloride, sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate in a process water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and subsequent UV/VIS detection.

Determination of bromate in water using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection after post-column reaction (PCR) with o-dianisidine reagent (described in EPA 317.0).

Ion chromatography mass spectrometry (IC-MS) is a powerful tool that can handle many challenging analytical tasks which cannot be performed adequately by IC alone. IC-MS is a robust, sensitive, and selective technique used for the determination of polar contaminants like inorganic anions, organic acids, haloacetic acids, oxyhalides, or alkali and alkaline earth metals. After separation of the sample components via IC, mass selective detection guarantees peak identity with low detection limits. The inclusion of automated Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation (MISP) allows not only water samples, but also chemicals, organic solvents, or post-explosion residues to be readily analyzed without need for extensive manual laboratory work. This White Paper explains the benefits of IC-MS over IC in certain cases, the hyphenation of IC and different MS systems, as well as related norms and standards.

On the basis of the experiments that have been performed, it is possible to determine the effectiveness of the ozonization of iodized X-ray contrast media using IC-ICP-MS via the amount of iodate formed. Whereas a 120-minute ozonization guarantees a practically quantitative decomposition of amidotrizoic acid to iodate, approximately 16% of the Iomeprol is still present under the same ozonization conditions. Given that only 14% is present in iodate form in the absence of iodide anions and given that additional, not yet identified peaks occur in the ion chromatogram, the presence of additional decomposition products containing iodine must be assumed. Nonetheless, it is not possible to detect the intact iodized X-ray contrast media with the selected ion chromatographic conditions. Furthermore, the possibility exists of identifying the peak of the unknown decomposition product of the Iomeprol using IC-ESI-TOF-MS.

Determination of the method detection limit (MDL) and method quantification limit (MQL) of bromate in drinking water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of acetate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in mayonnaise using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and advanced dialysis for inline sample preparation.

Determination of sulfide, sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate in the presence of chloride, nitrate, and phosphate using anion chromatography with combination of suppressed and nonsuppressed conductivity detection.

Determination of nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate in seawater from a shrimp farm using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and subsequent UV/VIS detection.

Determination of chromium(VI) (chromate) in leather extract using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection after post-column reaction (PCR) and inline dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfite, sulfate, phosphate, oxalate, thiosulfate, and thiocyanate (heat stable salts) in scrubber solutions using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of traces of fluoride and sulfate in 35% hydrochloric acid (HCl) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and sample preparation by inline neutralization.

Determination of chloride and sulfate (non-quantified) in a high-viscosity oil sample using combustion digestion and subsequent anion chromatography with conductivity detection following sequential suppression.Keyword: pyrohydrolysis

Determination of hypophosphite, phosphite, tartrate, tungstate, phosphate, citrate, and pyrophosphate in an electroplating bath using anion chromatography with a high pressure gradient and conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of traces of chloride in a quaternary ammonium hydroxide using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline cation exchange to remove the matrix cations.

The determination of chromium(VI) polymers using anion exchange chromatography with UV/VIS detection after post-column reaction with diphenylcarbazide as per IEC 62321 method for RoHS testing.

Determination of phosphate in produced water containing up to 100 g/L chloride as well as crude oil using anion chromatography with conductivity and MS detection after inline dialysis.

Determination of chloride, sulfate, chromate, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), methanedisulfonic acid (MDSA), and ethanedisulfonic acid (EDSA) in a chromium plating bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate in cooling lubricants using anion chromatography with conductivity and UV detection (230 nm) after chemical suppression and inline sample preparation by dialysis.

Determination of molybdate in 2.5% NaCl using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline matrix elimination by molybdate preconcentration after the first separation and subsequent reinjection.

Determination of nitrite and nitrate in a cooling lubricant using anion chromatography with conductivity detection (see AN S-274) and subsequent UV detection after sequential suppression and Metrohm Inline Dialysis.

Determination of NO3- and ClO4- in the presence of a large excess of HCl using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection (using time program for full scale change after 18 min).

Strong citrate retention delays chromatographic anion determination in beverages containing citric acid. The use of a step gradient reduces the retention time of the citrate, thus considerably shortening the analysis period.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in a reactive dye using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection. Suppressed IC does not work as the dye is hydrolyzed in alkaline solution and releases sulfate.

Determination of phosphite in the presence of chloride, nitrate, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate in a potato extract using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline sample preparation by dialysis.