FAQs – Titration

1. Check whether the sample size and concentration of titrants have been selected so that the equivalence point lies between 10% and 90% of the buret volume. 
2. Check the endpoint recognition criteria (ERC). An ERC that is too small can result in an incorrect equivalence point. 
3. Check whether the measured values fluctuate heavily at the start of the titration. This might be reduced by including a short waiting time before the titration is started.

Possible cause: fault in the electrode setup

1. Check whether the electrode is connected to the correct measuring input and that the electrode is properly assigned in the titration method.
2. Check whether the sensor and/or measuring interface is functioning correctly – for example, by calibrating the sensor or titrating a standard substance.
3. Check the electrode cable by moving it during a measurement and/or titration.
4. Check whether there are other significant electrostatic influences in the measuring area.

Possible cause: error in the application

1. Check whether the electrode in use is suitable for this application.
2. Check whether the stirring rate is adequate. As a general rule, it should be as high as possible. However, try to avoid the formation of a vortex during stirring.
3. Check whether there are any air bubbles in the measuring vessel and/or on the sensor during photometric titrations.

Possible cause: fault in the electrode setup

1. Check whether the electrode is connected to the correct measuring input and that the electrode is properly assigned in the titration method.
2. Check whether the sensor and/or measuring interface is functioning correctly – for example, by calibrating the sensor or titrating a standard substance.

Possible cause: fault in the dosing system

1. Check all tubing connections for leaks.
2. Check the buret tip for any signs of blockage.
3. Check the system for air bubbles in the dosing cylinder and/or in the tubing connections.

Other causes

1. Check whether the electrode type in use is suitable for the application.

1. Check the sample size.
2. Check whether the titer and concentration of the titrants are correct.
3. Check the calculation formula in the method. Is the correct equivalence point used for the calculation?
4. Check the system for air bubbles in the dosing cylinder and/or in the tubing connections.
5. Check whether the stirring rate is adequate. As a general rule, this should be as high as possible. However, try to avoid the formation of a vortex during stirring.
6. Check whether the titration might be too quick. You can use the titration parameters “signal drift” and “min./max. waiting time” to adjust the titration rate.
7. Check whether the sensor is still suitable for the titration. Sensors that are old or dirty can result in longer response times.

1. Check the sample size.
2. Check whether the titer and concentration of the titrants are correct.
3. Check the calculation formula in the method. Is the correct equivalence point used for the calculation?
4. Check the endpoint recognition criteria (ERC). An ERC that is too small can result in an incorrect equivalence point. 
5. Check that the anti-diffusion tip is functioning correctly.
6. Check the stirring direction. The titrant should not be stirred directly onto the electrode, but rather away from it.

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