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This Application Note describes the Raman spectroscopy identification of sugars such as D-galactose, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannose, D-sorbitol, fructose, sucrose and inositol. Rapid and non-destructive determination takes place after a suitable spectrum database has been created. Measurements with the portable Raman spectrometer Mira M-1 require no sample preparation and provide immediate and unambiguous results.

Bei der Materialcharakterisierung mittels Raman-Spektroskopie werden durch einen Laser angeregte symmetrische Schwingungen und Rotationen von Molekülen oder Kristallen analysiert, die charakteristisch für die molekularen Bindungen und Kristallstrukturen der Moleküle sind. Die Raman-Technologie ist ein wertvolles Werkzeug zur Unterscheidung verschiedener Polymorphe. Beispiele für tragbare Raman-Spektroskopie zur Identifizierung von Polymorphen und zur Überwachung des polymorphen Übergangs von Zitronensäure und ihrer hydratisierten Form werden vorgestellt.

Nicht deklarierte Arzneimittel in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln stellen ein ernstes Gesundheitsrisiko dar. Die SERS-Lösungen von Metrohm ermöglichen einen schnellen, empfindlichen Vor-Ort-Nachweis von Verfälschungen ohne Matrixinterferenz.

Metanil yellow (MY) is an azo dye used in the manufacture of external-use products such as textiles; however, it is prohibited from use as a food additive in many countries. Toxicology studies demonstrate that ingestion of MY results in significant neurological and multi-organ damage. Despite these hazards, MY is commonly used as an illicit colorant for enhancing the visual appeal of spices and legumes, most notably turmeric. Ideal tests for such food adulterants feature methods that are selective and sensitive, yet portable and convenient.Misa (Metrohm Instant SERS Analyzer) achieves rapid and accurate detection of MY in a facile assay format.

Erythrosine B (EB), also known as Red Dye #3, is a synthetic dye approved for use in candy in the US, and in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics in the EU and elsewhere. However, rodent studies suggest that ingestion of EB can promote thyroid tumor formation. EB may also be implicated as a dietary factor contributing to hyperkinesis in children. WHO recommends a daily intake of EB less than 0.1 mg/kg of body weight.The ability to obtain fast results with a portable test platform recommends Misa (Metrohm Instant SERS Analyzer) as a competitive and cost-effective alternative to laboratory technologies (e.g., CE, HPLC) currently employed for detecting EB in foodstuffs.

Paraquat is a highly effective, yet exceptionally toxic herbicide used to manage weeds in agricultural operations. In recognition of paraquat’s danger, the EU and several other countries have banned its use for any application, though the US EPA permits its limited use by licensed applicators. Despite tight regulation, paraquat continues to be produced and is liberally used as an herbicide in over 100 countries without regulatory oversight.Testing for paraquat typically requires involved sample processing and analysis by trained chemists using expensive laboratory instruments such as HPLC, CE, and LC/MS. Misa achieves trace level detection of paraquat residue in tea leaves in a fully integrated, portable, smart system for easy on-site testing by non-technicians.

Elektrochemie, Spektroskopie und Spektroelektrochemie (SEC) sind in vielen Bereichen weit verbreitete Techniken. Allerdings sind die aus diesen Analysen erhaltenen Datenkurven sehr unterschiedlich und nicht alle elektrochemischen Peaks und spektroskopischen Banden können mit den gleichen Verfahren gemessen werden. In dieser Anwendungsnotiz werden vier in den Softwareprogrammen DropView 8400 und DropView SPELEC enthaltene Tools untersucht, die die Messung und Analyse der gesammelten Kurven und Daten erleichtern. Die folgenden Messoptionen werden im Detail erläutert: automatische Messung, eingestellte Kurvenmessung, eingestellte freie Messung und eingestellte Schrittmessung.

Thiram is used extensively as a fungicide and parasiticide to prevent disease in crops and as an animal repellent to protect trees and ornamental plants. However, extensive toxicological studies conclude that chronic, high-level exposure can cause considerable organ damage to land and aquatic species. The US defines maximum residue limits that vary for different food crops. In contrast, the EU recently banned thiram and is moving to use pesticides that carry reduced health risks.Using Misa (Metrohm Instant SERS Analyzer), low level detection of thiram on apples is achieved with guided workflows adapted for use by diverse testers.

Some studies suggest that consumption of the artificial sweetener, aspartame, is correlated with increased risk for brain and hematopoietic cancers, however, others find it to be a safe food additive. Consequently, the US and EU approve aspartame as a multi-purpose sweetener with an acceptable daily intake of 40 mg/kg body weight/day. However, the clear health hazard to individuals suffering from phenlyketonuria and ongoing criticism by health food advocates continues to fuel the challenge against aspartame’s widespread use in the food industry.Using Misa (Metrohm Instant SERS Analyzer), beverage products are screened for aspartame levels with no sample preparation beyond simple dilution of a consumer product.

Diphenylamine (DPA) is used as a dye fixative and antioxidant in industrial applications and as a produce preservative in agricultural operations. Food safety advocates are concerned that daily ingestion of DPA, particularly in foods meant for babies, could have negative effects on children’s health. To mitigate potentially toxic effects of DPA, both the US and EU stipulate a maximum residue limit (MRL) of 5 μg/g for whole pears and a stringent MRL of 10 ng/g for all processed baby foods.Misa (Metrohm Instant SERS Analyzer) provides a user-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional analytical methods used for detecting DPA in foods, such as GC-MS and GC-NPD.