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水中的高锰酸盐指数

AN-T-204

2020-09

zh

Fully automated determination according to GB/T 11892

高锰酸盐指数（PMI）是表示水中可氧化有机物和无机物总负荷的总和参数。相关物质主要是腐殖质/酸，主要是土壤中的死亡有机物进一步分解后释放到水源中形成的。由于高锰酸钾是水质指标之一，许多国家都规定必须检测饮用水中的高锰酸钾。然后，用滴定法测定与水样反应后残留的高锰酸盐量。在本应用说明中，介绍了根据 GB/T 11892 测定 PMI 的全自动程序，包括所有的样品制备步骤。由于减少了人工工作量，生产率的提高是相当可观的。

The permanganate index (PMI) is a sum parameter that indicates the total load of oxidizable organic and inorganic matter in water. The substances concerned are mainly humic materials/acids that are primarily formed when dead organic material present in soil is further broken down and released into water sources. Another source of organic material in the water can be attributed to birds or fish. As it is an indicator of the water quality, testing of the PMI for drinking water is obligatory in many countries.

For the determination, it is necessary to heat the stabilized water sample to 95 °C and higher for a stipulated time. Afterwards, the amount of permanganate that has remained after the reaction with the sample is determined titrimetrically. This sample preparation step requires considerable manual effort.

In this Application Note, a fully automated procedure for the determination of the PMI according to GB/T 11892 is described, including all sample preparation steps. The gains in productivity because of a reduced manual workload are considerable.

The application is demonstrated for a resorcinol standard (6 mg/L corresponding to a PMI of 9.32–10.28 mg/L) and a water sample from a stream.

To stabilize the sample, sulfuric acid is added directly after sampling.

Figure 1. 916 Ti-Touch and 810 Sample Processor. Example setup for the determination of the permanganate index in water.

The analysis is carried out on an automated system using an 810 Sample Processor with an external jacketed vessel, 916 Ti-Touch, a Pt Titrode for indication, and a Pt1000 temperature sensor.

The stabilized sample is poured into a titration beaker, which is then covered with aluminum foil, fixed with a foil holder, and placed on the sample rack.

For the sample determination, an aliquot of sample is pipetted into the external vessel. Sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate solution are added. The solution is heated up and the temperature is maintained for 30 minutes between 96–98 °C. Sodium oxalate solution is added, and its excess is then back-titrated with standardized potassium permanganate until after the equivalence point.

After the determination, the vessel is automatically emptied and rinsed twice with deionized water. The transfer tube is also rinsed with deionized water. A blank determination is performed in the same way, by replacing the sample with the same amount of deionized water.

According to EN ISO 8467, a resorcinol standard of 6 mg/L has a PMI between 9.32 and 10.28 mg/L. The analysis demonstrates acceptable and reproducible results for the standard and the sample, which are summarized in Table 1. An example titration curve is displayed in Figure 2.

Table 1. Mean PMI value for two different samples determined by a fully automated titration system (n = 5).
Sample PMI / mg/L SD(rel) / %
Resorcinol standard 10.04 1.75
Stream water 8.93 0.92
Figure 2. Example titration curve for the permanganate index determination in a stream water sample.

The determination of the PMI value in water samples can efficiently be carried out by using a Metrohm autotitrator equipped with an automation system. Fast and precise determination according to GB/T 11892 is possible. Furthermore, by fully automating all sample preparation steps, the productivity within the laboratory is significantly increased.

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Internal reference: AW TI CH1-1256-122018