アプリケーション（技術資料）

Quality and process control of biofuels require straightforward, fast and accurate analysis methods. Ion chromatography (IC) is at the leading edge of this effort. Traces of anions in a gasoline/ethanol blend can accurately be determined in the sub-ppb range after Metrohm Inline Matrix Elimination using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression. While the analyte anions are retained on the preconcentration column, the interfering organic gasoline/bioethanol matrix is washed away.Detrimental alkali metals and water-extractable alkaline earth metals in biodiesel are determined in the sub-ppm range using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection applying automated extraction with nitric acid and subsequent Metrohm Inline Dialysis. Unlike high-molecular substances, ions in the high-ionic strength matrix diffuse through a membrane into the low-ionic water acceptor solution. In biogas reactor samples, low-molecular-weight organic acids stem from the biodegradation of organic matter. Their profile allows important conclusions concerning conversion in the anaerobic digestion reaction. Volatile fatty acids and lactate can be accurately determined by using ion-exclusion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection after inline dialysis or filtration.

The combination of 850 Professional IC, 858 Professional Sample Processor, Dosino and MagIC NetTM software offers a variety of sophisticated ion chromatographic sample preparation techniques. One of these is the automated inline dilution of samples.After the first sample injection, MagIC NetTM verifies if the area of the sample peak lies within the calibration range. If the measured peak area is outside these limits, the software calculates the appropriate dilution factor, dilutes and automatically re-injects the sample. For all investigated ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, F-, Cl- , NO2-, Br-, NO3-, SO42- ), automated logical dilution yielded coefficients of determination (R2) better than 0.9999. Direct-injection recoveries for cations and anions were within 98.6…99.5% and 93.4…100.4% respectively. In contrast, after logical dilution, recoveries for cations and anions were within 100.1…102.9% and 98.2…102.6% respectively. The relative standard deviations for all determinations involving diluted sample solutions were smaller than 0.91%.

The analytical challenge treated by the present work consists in detecting sub-ppm quantities of bromide, sulfate, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and several alkaline earth metals in the presence of very high concentrations of sodium and chloride. Bromide, sulfate, acetate and butyrate can be reliably determined by suppressed conductivity detection. Due to matrix effects, propionate can only be detected qualitatively. This drawback can be overcome by coupling the ion chromatograph (IC) to a mass spectrometric (MS) detector. This results in reduced matrix interferences and significantly enhanced sensitivities. The cations magnesium, barium and strontium are determined by non-suppressed conductivity detection.

The study of adverse effects of air pollution requires semi-continuous, rapid and accurate measurements of inorganic species in aerosols and their gas phase components in ambient air. The most promising instruments, often referred to as steam collecting devices, are the Particle-Into-Liquid-Sampler (PILS) coupled to wet-chemical analyzers such as a cation and/or anion chromatograph (IC) and the Monitoring instrument for AeRosols and GAses (MARGA) with two integrated ICs. Both instruments comprise gas denuders, a condensation particle growth sampler as well as pump and control devices. While PILS uses two consecutive fixed denuders and a downstream growth chamber, the MARGA system is composed of a Wet Rotating Denuder (WRD) and a Steam-Jet Aerosol Collector (SJAC). Although the aerosol samplers of PILS and MARGA use different assemblies, both apply the technique of growing aerosol particles into droplets in a supersaturated water vapor environment. Previously mixed with carrier water, the collected droplets are continuously fed into sample loops or preconcentration columns for on-line IC analysis. While PILS has been designed to sample aerosols only, MARGA additionally determines water-soluble gases. Compared to the classical denuders, which remove gases from the air sample upstream of the growth chamber, MARGA collects the gaseous species in a WRD for on-line analysis. In contrast to the gases, aerosols have low diffusion speeds and thus neither dissolve in the PILS denuders nor in the WRD. Proper selection of the ion chromatographic conditions of PILS-IC allows a precise determination, within 4 to 5 minutes, of seven major inorganic species (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, NO3- and SO4 2-) in fine aerosol particles. With longer analysis times (10-15 minutes) even airborne low-molecular-weight organic acids, such as acetate, formate and oxalate can be analyzed. MARGA additionally facilitates the simultaneous determination of HCl, HNO3, HNO2, SO2 and NH3.PILS and MARGA provide semi-continuous, long-term stand-alone measurements (1 week) and can measure particulate pollutants in the ng/m3 range.

The analytical challenge treated in the present work consists in detecting trace concentrations (ppb) of bromide in the presence of a strong chloride matrix. This problem was overcome by separating the bromide ions from the main fraction of the early eluting chloride matrix (several g/L) by applying two sequential chromatographic separations on the same column. After the first separation, the main fraction of the interfering chloride matrix is flushed to waste, while the later eluting anions are diverted to an anion-retaining preconcentration column. After elution in counter flow, the bromide ions are efficiently separated from the marginal chloride residues. The four-point calibration curves for bromide and sulfate are linear in the range of 10…100 µg/L and 200…800 µg/L and yield correlation coefficients of 0.99988 and 0.99953 respectively. For the method shown here, a second injection valve and a preconcentration column are the only additional devices needed to master this demanding separation problem.

This poster presents a straightforward ion chromatographic determination of HF, HNO3, short-chain organic acids and H2SiF6 in etching bath samples. Standard ions such as fluoride, nitrate, acetate and sulfate are determined via suppressed conductivity detection while dissolved silicate is spectrophotometrically detected in the same run after downstream post-column reaction (PCR) as molybdosilicic acid. Analytical results of several commercial HF-HNO3-H2SiF6 mixtures obtained by ion chromatography (IC) and titration showed good agreement, which confirms the applicability of the presented «dual» detection IC method for controlling the composition of acidic texturing baths.

The combination of 850 Professional IC, 858 Professional Sample Processor, Dosino and MagIC NetTM software offers a variety of automated ion chromatographic sample preparation and calibration techniques available as an anion, cation or dual channel system. Calibration is straightforward and requires only one multi-ion standard.Inline calibration allows the calibration of any standard concentration in the ppt range by using one single stable standard solution at the ppb level. By using a preconcentration column and switching the valves one, two or more times different calibration concentrations at the ultra-trace level can be created with unprecedented reproducibility. The inline preconcentration technique uses a pre-concentration column and is ideally suited for trace analysis in complex matrices, especially when combined with matrix elimination. Besides facilitating the preparation of g/L to ng/L calibration graphs Metrohm`s intelligent techniques are capable of logical decision making. While Metrohm`s intelligent Partial Loop technique (MiPT) allows samples with a wide concentration range to be injected without previous manual dilution, the intelligent inline dilution technique, after the first sample injection, compares peak areas, calculates, if necessary, the dilution factor, dilutes and automatically re-injects the sample. The presented inline techniques allow the rationalization of the time-consuming, error-prone and cost-intensive manual preparation of standard solutions. They guarantee that the determined sample concentrations always lie within the calibration range. Higher sample throughputs as well as lower analysis costs and improved data reliability are achieved.

The analytical challenge treated in the present work consists in the determination of chloride, phosphate and sulfate in the presence of difficult sample matrices that interact with the stationary column phase or even render it unusable. Metrohm`s patented stopped-flow dialysis coupled to the new 881 Compact IC pro ion chromatograph overcomes these drawbacks. Two standard solutions covering the concentration ranges 1.0…3.6 mg/L and 10…36 mg/L as well as two samples, an ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed milk and a baby milk powder, were characterized in terms of analyte concentration, relative standard deviation, calibration quality, carryover and recovery rates. While the five-point calibration curves yielded correlation coefficients (R) better than 0.9999, carryover (between two subsequent injections of a concentrated sample and a blank) was less than 0.49%. Recoveries for the low (10…36 mg/L) and high standard concentrations (1.0…3.6 mg/L) were within 91…99% and 94…100%, respectively. Automated compact stopped-flow dialysis is a leading-edge sample preparation technique that ensures optimum separation performance by effectively protecting the column from detrimental matrix compounds.

Sodium fluoride is used as a preservative in biological samples for alcohol analysis. All submitted blood samples, including those taken from vehicle drivers suspected of driving under the influence of liquor, have to be tested for adequate preservation prior to alcohol determination by gas chromatography. This is critical to ensure adequate sample preservation. Inadequate sample preservation may allow glycolysis and/or microorganism growth to produce ethanol.In the past this has been done by direct potentiometric measurement using a fluoride-selective electrode (F ISE), an ion meter and certified NaF standards. The sodium fluoride level was determined manually by dipping the electrode directly into the blood sample. Results were recorded manually. This poster describes two independent automated methods of analysis that allow the minimization of this tedious and time-consuming procedure.In the first one, the fluoride content in a blood aliquot is measured by direct potentiometric measurement after the addition of TISAB and deionized water. The second method employs the titration of the sample aliquot with La(NO3)3 after adding a buffer solution.

Available sample size, mass sensitivity, efficiency and the detector type are important criteria in the selection of separation column dimensions. Compared to conventional 4 mm i.d. columns, microbore columns excel, above all, by their low eluent consumption. Once an eluent is prepared, it can be used for a long time. Additionally, the lower flow rates of microbore columns facilitate the hyphenation to mass spectrometers due to the improved ionization efficiency in the ion source.With the same injected sample amount, a halved column diameter involves a lower eluent flow and results in an approximate four-fold sensitivity increase. In a converse conclusion, this means that with less sample amount, microbore columns achieve the same chromatographic sensitivity and resolution than normal bore columns. This makes them ideally suited for samples of limited availability.

Metrohm`s intelligent Preconcentration Technique with Matrix Elimination (MiPCT-ME) excels in its capacity to perform automatic ion chromatographic determinations over 6 orders of magnitude. Crucial requirements for this are the system`s intelligence and the exact measurement of the sample volume. While the intelligence allows to compare results and take decisions, the dosing device takes over the high-precision liquid handling of even single-digit microliter volumes to the preconcentration column. By using only one analytical setup and without additional rinsing, samples containing both ultratraces and high concentrations can be analyzed.As the other Metrohm Inline Techniques, the MiPCT-ME technique presented reduces the workload, ensures complete traceability, is free of carryover effects and significantly improves accuracy and reproducibility of the results.

The poster presents the ion chromatographic determination of organic degradation products such as glycolate, formate and acetate besides the standard anions fluoride, chloride, nitrate and sulfate.

Determination of chloride and sulfate in the presence of high nitrate concentrations. Optimization of the chromatographic separation by variation of the temperature and eluent composition.

Three different suppressor systems are compared in terms of sensitivity. Additionally, binary gradient elution was applied to analyze phosphates in the presence of mono- and divalent ions.

The poster describes how different suppressors (MSM and MCS) work and mentions possible applications.

The Combustion IC system presented allows the automated determination of organic halogen and sulfur compounds in all flammable samples. Both combustion digestion, which is automatically controlled with a flame sensor, and the professional Liquid Handling guarantee highest precision and trueness. This poster describes the determination of the halogen and sulfur content in a certified polymer standard, a coal reference material as well as in latex and vinyl gloves.

ヨウ化カリウム (KI) は、甲状腺機能亢進症を治療するため、および吸入または飲み込んだヨウ素による放射線の影響から甲状腺を保護するために用いられます。現在、ヨウ素カリウムの USPモノグラフでは、ヨウ素の識別は湿式化学、および、精度と正確度の低い歴史を有するMAT (手動滴定) によって行われています。USPの世界的モノグラフ近代化のイニシアチブの一環として開発され、検証された代替的選択的高感度メソッド – それがイオンクロマトグラフィー (IC) です。提案されているICメソッドは湿式化学に替わる識別検査としても使用することができます。

フッ化物は、虫歯予防のために歯科用製品に一般的に用いられています。フッ化物の濃度が高い場合、それらの医薬品は21 CFR 355によって規制されています。オーバー ザ カウンター (OTC) 虫歯予防歯科用製品に用いられている三種のフッ化物は、フッ化ナトリウム、フッ化第一スズ、モノフルオロリン酸ナトリウム (MFP) です。これらの有効成分と最終製剤に含まれるフッ化物のアッセイは、MAT (手動滴定) またはイオン選択性電極によって測定されます。USPの世界的モノグラフ近代化のイニシアチブの一環として開発され、検証された代替選択的高感度メソッド – それがイオンクロマトグラフィー (IC) です。提案されているICメソッドは湿式化学メソッドに替わる識別検査としても使用することができます。

If chloride and bromide are present in approximately equal molar concentrations they can be titrated directly with silver nitrate solution after addition of barium acetate. If, however, the molar ratio n(Br-) : n(Cl-) changes from 1 : 1 to 1 : 5, 1 : 10, 5 : 1 or 10 : 1 then greater relative errors must be expected with this method. The Bulletin describes an additional titration method that allows bromide to be determined in the presence of a large excess of chloride. The determination of small chloride concentrations in the presence of a large excess of bromide is not possible by titration.

本文では、フッ素イオン選択性電極 (F-ISE) を用いた、様々なマトリックス内のフッ化物の測定について説明します。F-ISE はフッ化ランタン単結晶で作られており、幅広いフッ素濃度範囲においてネルンスト効果を示します。本文の第一部には、電極の操作法や手入れに関して、および実際のフッ素測定における注記が記載されています。第二部では、食塩、歯磨き粉、洗口液における、標準添加技術によるフッ化物の直接的な測定について説明しています。

Bromide is removed from the sample as BrCN by distillation. The BrCN is absorbed in sodium hydroxide solution and decomposed with concentrated sulfuric acid, then the released bromide ions are determined by potentiometric titration with silver nitrate solution. Iodide does not interfere with the determination.Iodide is oxidized to iodate by hypobromite. After destruction of the excess hypobromite, the potentiometric titration (of the iodine released from iodate) is carried out with sodium thiosulfate solution. Bromide does not interfere, even in great excess.The described methods allow the determination of bromide and iodide in the presence of a large excess of chloride (e.g., in brine, seawater, sodium chloride, etc.).

電気伝導度、pH値、p値およびm値 (アルカリ度)、塩化物含有量、カルシウムおよびマグネシウム硬度、総硬度、ならびにフッ化物含有量などといったか物理的および化学的パラメータの測定は、水質評価において必要不可欠です。この bulletin では、上記のパラメータを、一度の分析実行でいかに測定できるかが説明されています。水質分析においてさらに重要なパラメータは、過マンガン酸塩指数 (PMI) および化学的酸素要求量 (COD) です。そのため、この Bulletin では、EN ISO 8467に準じたPMIの完全自動測定、ならびにDIN 38409-44に準じたCODの測定についても説明しています。

この会報は、水分析の分野からの標準的な方法の調査を提供します。また、それぞれの決定に必要な分析機器と、対応するメトロームアプリケーション速報およびアプリケーションノートへの参照もあります。次のパラメータが処理されます：電気伝導率、pH値、フッ化物、アンモニウムおよびケルダール窒素、イオンクロマトグラフィーによる陰イオンおよび陽イオン、ボルタンメトリーによる重金属、化学酸素需要（COD）、水の硬度、遊離塩素も他のいくつかの水の成分として。

This Bulletin describes the determination by ion chromatography of anions, particularly fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate using the Hamilton PRPX100 IC anion column without chemical suppression.

銅精鉱は銅精錬所の重要な原料です。銅精鉱はしばしば腐食性のフッ素によって汚染されるので、フッ素濃度を定期的に検査する必要があります。便利で正確な測定方法はサクリファイシングバイアル技術と組み合わせた 燃焼法イオンクロマトグラフィシステムです。

石炭には一定量のフッ素、塩素、硫黄化合物が含まれています。石炭の燃焼中、これらの成分は腐食性の酸 (フッ化水素酸など) を放出します。火力発電所はフッ化水素酸の大量生産を防ぐため、低フッ素の石炭を要望しています。この技術資料では、燃焼法イオンクロマトグラフィシステムを使用して石炭中のフッ素含有量を測定しています。

エゼチミブは、小腸からのコレステロール吸収を抑制し、血中コレステロール値を低下させる医薬品です。分子は２つのフルオロフェニル基を有します。燃焼イオンクロマトグラフィを用いて薬剤中のフッ素量を測定できます。装置への過度のフッ化物の導入を防ぐため、エゼチミブは燃焼前にエタノール中で溶解します。

建築や装飾の用途に使われるポリマー材料は耐炎性が必要です。要求される対炎性の基準に達するため、プレーンポリマーに難燃剤が添加されています。難燃剤にはしばしばハロ有機化合物が用いられます。こういった化合物、および導入されたハロゲンの各濃度は、燃焼イオンクロマトグラフによって測定することができます。全システムのリカバリは認証標準物質 (CRM) によって試験確認済みです。

鉄鉱石は、鉄製品にとって重要な資源です。そのハロゲンの自然含有量は、個々のハロゲン化物の腐食による品質特性です。保護バイアルを使用した燃焼イオンクロマトグラフィは、鉄鉱石中のフッ素および塩素の分析に使われます。SO2の放出と、それによる硫黄回収を改善するためにWO3が通常助燃剤として添加されます。このアプリケーションでは、フッ化物の回収も著しく改善させています。

衣料品に使われるテキスタイルには、フルオロケミカルを様々な処理を行い撥水効果をもたせることがあります。これらの化合物、特にペルフルオロ有機物は、自然環境では極めて分解されにくく、そのため新たな汚染物質に数えられます。熱分解装置とイオンクロマトグラフを組み合わせた燃焼法イオンクロマトグラフィシステムは、織物中のフッ素含有量の分析が行えます。

セルロースエステル膜は、塩化物溶媒を用いて製造されます。製造に用いられた溶媒残留物は数日で蒸発します。残留溶媒は熱分解熱による有機結合した塩素から塩化物への変換させて、燃焼イオンクロマトグラフフィシステムで測定します。最終製品は塩化物系の溶剤が残っていない状態である必要があります。危険な量のこれらの化合物が残っていないかを品質管理分析において測定することができます。このアプリケーションでは、単一の標準試料から正確な自動キャリブレーションカーブ作成もおこなっています。

AOF（吸着性有機フッ素）の分析は、燃焼装置とイオンクロマトグラフィを使用して、水溶液中のパーフルオロアルキルおよびポリフルオロアルキル物質をスクリーニングするために使用されます。

環境中の有機ハロゲン化物は監視する必要がある物質です。。固体中のハロゲンを正確に分析するために、EN 17813:2023 に基づき燃焼イオンクロマトグラフィ（CIC）が使用されます。

This application focuses on the simultaneous analysis of cations and suppressed anions with a dual channel Metrohm IC operated by OpenLab CDS.

Ion chromatography (IC) provides an automated, fast, and sensitive solution to accurately quantify cationic and anionic components including acetate simultaneously. This comprehensive approach makes IC an economic alternative to traditional techniques for the quality control of pharmaceutical solutions like haemodialysis concentrates. Ease-of use, accuracy, and the high-throughput of IC increase productivity and comply with the demands of modern routine and research labs.

Determination of fluoride in industrial solutions such as acid etching mixtures.

Determination of bromide and chloride in photographic developer solutions.

Determination of total halides (Cl- + Br- +I-) in seawater and similar brines. This procedure is suitable for the analysis of total halides in seawater contaminated with sodium aluminate solutions emanating from alumina refineries, and seawater which has been used for the neutralization of alumina refinery waste («red mud») slurries. Given the small concentration of bromine andiodine in seawater, the total halide content approximates the chloride concentration.

Results from three separate single endpoint titrations are used to calculate the results. The mixture of H2SO4, HF, and NH4F/HF contains H+ from H2SO4, HF, and NH4F/HF, SO42- from H2SO4, and F- from HF and NH4F/HF. Analysis of total H+ («total acids») by NaOH titration, F- by titrating with Al(NO3)3 («total fluoride») and SO42- by titrating with BaCl2 provides the information required to determine the composition of the mixture.

A direct thermometric titration (TET) with 2 mol/L NaOH is used to determine the HF, NH4F, and maleic acid (C4H4O4) contents of acid cleaning solutions. Three endpoints (EPs) are obtained, which may be assigned as follows:EP1: C4H4O4 (pKa1 = 1.9), HF (pKa = 3.17)EP2: C4H4O4 (pKa2 = 6.07)EP2: NH4F (pKa = 8.2)The HF content is determined by subtracting the difference (EP2-EP1) from EP1.

ふっ素は歯のエナメル質を保護し、歯磨き粉に不可欠な微量元素です。イオン選択性フッ素電極（F-ISE）を用いた標準添加法により、迅速かつ高精度にふっ化物の濃度測定ができます。

イオン選択性電極 (F-ISE) を用いた直接電位差測定によるクロムめっき浴中のふっ化物の測定

イオン選択制電極 (F-ISE )を用いた直接電位差測定によるセメントまたはクリンカ（セメント原料）のふっ化物の定量

飲料水中のフッ素含有量は、電位差滴定とフッ素イオン選択性電極 (F-ISE) を用いて迅速かつ簡単に測定することができます。F-ISE は、計測前に適切な標準値に校正されます。

臭化物は、濃度およそ65 mg/L程度で海水中に遍在しています。一方、飲料水および地下水における臭化物の最大濃度は、通常0.5 mg/L未満です。臭化物含有量がより高くなると、肥料、道路用塩、または産業廃水が原因の水の汚染の徴候である可能性があります。このApplication Noteでは、ASTM D1246に準じた、Brイオン選択性電極を用いた直接測定による水中の臭化物含有量の測定について説明しています。

ヒトがフッ化物を摂取する主な要因の一つは、茶などの飲食物に由来しています。実際、茶は一日のフッ化物摂取を増加させる可能性を最も高く有するものの一つです。過剰なフッ化物摂取は、歯または骨のフッ素症を引き起こすことがあります。世界保健機関は、フッ化物含有量が1.5 mg/Lを超える水の消費を推奨していません。DIN 10807に準ずる、ここで紹介されるメソッドでは、フッ化物含有量をイオン選択性電極を用いて迅速に評価することができます。

水に含まれるフッ化物濃度が高まると、歯の損傷、成長障害、および骨の変形が引き起こされる恐れがあります。世界保健機関 (WHO) によると、1.5 mg/L を超える濃度は危険とされています。フッ化物の一つの発生源として考え得るのが埋め立てごみ処理地です。雨水によって埋め立てごみ処理地から有害物質が流れ出し、それが地下水に進入することがあります。それゆえ、埋め立てごみ処理地からの浸出液のフッ化物濃度はモニタリングされなければなりません。イオン測定は、水分サンプル中のフッ化物含有量を測定するのに、イオンクロマトグラフィーなどといった他のメソッドと比較して、迅速かつ安価なメソッドです。このApplication Noteでは、OMNISシステムと共にフッ化物イオン選択性電極を用いたフッ化物含有量の再現性可能かつ正確な測定について説明されています。

Determination of bromide and bromate in drinking water using anion chromatography with MS detection.

新しい DIN ドラフト規格 38407-53 では、直接注入 LC-MS/MS を使用した水中の TFA 分析の概要が示されており、このアプリケーション ノートに示すように、0.1～3.0μg/L の定量が可能になります。

アルコール抽出後のはんだペースト中の陰イオンの陰イオンクロマトグラフィーおよび直接電気伝導度検出による定量

過酸化水素を分解させることなく、試験混合物のシェーニガー吸収液中の陰イオンをイオンクロマトグラフィーおよび直接電気伝導度検出により定量する方法を紹介します。

イオンクロマトグラフィーおよび直接電気伝導度検出によるトルエン中の酢酸塩、ギ酸塩、塩化物、臭化物および硫酸塩の定量を紹介します。

Determination of chloride, bromide, and iodide in alkaline combustion solutions using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate in an effluent sample using anion chromatography with direct conductometric detetction.

Determination of traces of iodide in HCl (25%) using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at a silver electrode.

Determination of traces of nitrite, thiosulfate, and iodide using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the carbon paste electrode.

Determination of traces of bromide and iodide using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode.

Determination of traces of bromide in HCl (32%) using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode.

Determination of fluoride and chloride in gypsum using anion chromatography and subsequent direct conductometric detection.

Determination of traces of iodide in acetic acid using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the carbon paste electrode.

Determination of iodide in wastewater (dye industry) using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode and dialysis for sample preparation.

純粋な塩化ナトリウムはのヨウ化物の含有量は、一般的に栄養価を高めるためにそれが添加されている食卓塩などに比べ、非常に低くなっています。ヨウ化物の微量測定は、アンペロメトリー検出を伴うイオンクロマトグラフィーを用いて容易に実行することができます。この検出モードは、とりわけ分離度と感度が高くなっています。実際の分離は Metrosep A Supp 5 - 250/4.0 カラムを用いて行われます。検出は、銀の作用電極にて行われます。LOQ は (溶液にて) およそ 1.0 μg/L、サンプルではおよそ 50 μg/kg です。より短いカラムを使うことにより、LOQ がさらに向上することがあります。

The synthetic rubber known as Bromobutyl (BIIR) has many of the attributes of butyl rubber, but has better adhesion to other rubbers and metals, resulting in substantially faster cure rates. The simultaneous quantification of the bromine content, Mooney viscosity, volatile content, calcium stearate content, and functional bromide in BIIR can be easily performed with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) without the use of chemicals.

Determination of citrate, fluoride, lactate, and acetate in a plating bath using ion-exclusion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Iodine is an essential mineral for human health, where it is necessary for e.g., the production of thyroid hormones. The presented method describes the determination of free iodide in milk samples using Metrohm Low Volume Inline Dialysis for automated sample preparation prior to injection into an ion chromatograph (IC) and subsequent amperometric detection in direct current (DC) mode.

Measures to monitor or prevent corrosion are crucial in nuclear power plants, where significant risks to health and safety can occur if corrosion is left unchecked. Anions corrode metals under high temperature and pressure, therefore their concentrations must be monitored at all times. The analytical challenge in the primary circuit is detection of anions in the μg/L range alongside gram quantities of boric acid and lithium hydroxide. Precise, reliable trace analysis requires the method to be automated as much as possible. The 2060 IC Process Analyzer from Metrohm Process Analytics can measure several anions from a single injection, with combined Inline Preconcentration and Inline Matrix Elimination to measure low anion concentrations precisely and reliably time after time.

基礎化学工業界は、数千種もの原料の非常に大規模な生産に対する責任を負っています。一定レベルの不純度は様々なプロセスにおいて重大な問題を引き起こす可能性がある一方、下流産業は自社製品を製造するのに、一定レベルの化学的純度に依存しています。基礎化学物質である NaOH および KOH の製造中、皮膜セルを用いた飽和食塩水の電気分解後、蒸発によって更に濃縮された製品が生産されます。食塩水に用いられている塩からの不純物もまた濃縮されます。一般的に、こういった不純物の分析は、多様な保存期間を有する様々な有害化学物質を用いてオフラインで行われます。プロセスイオンクロマトグラフは、ASTM E1787-16に従って測定をオンラインで行うことができ、時間をかけることなく、またラボでの危険な実験を行わずに、製品の質を保証することができます。

A setup that allows online sampling is crucial for immediate and contamination-free analysis of power plant water samples. This application recommends a setup that facilitates simultaneous anion/cation determinations. Automated inline sample preparation combines variable preconcentration (MiPCT) and calibration with a single multi-ion standard. AN-Q-004 displays the respective cation results.

この技術資料では、可変濃縮とInline Matrix Elimination ( MiPCT-ME ) を組み合わせたInline Neutralization（ インライン中和 ）を使用することにより、注入前にほう酸を自動除去してからイオンクロマトグラフで微量アニオンを直接分析しています。

940 Professional IC Vario、942 Extension Module Vario LQH、941 Eluent Preparation Module の組み合わせにより、イオンクロマトグラフィーを使用したプロセス監視が可能となります。ProfIC Vario 12 Anion の名称を持つこの組み合わせは、Metrohm Process IC の陰イオンバージョンです。サンプル前処理には、マトリックス除去機能を備えたインテリジェント濃度調整技術が使用されます。ELGA PURELAB® Flex 6 の使用により、特にサンプル量が多い場合でも、最高品質の超純水の供給を保証します。

Determination of the anions in potable water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in cooling water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

電気伝導度検出器付きイオンクロマトグによる地表水中のフッ化物、塩化物、亜硝酸塩、臭化物、硝酸塩、硫酸塩の測定アプリケーションです。

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate in soil eluates using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, bromide, and sulfate in synthetic seawater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, and nitrate in a solution of NiSO4, ZnSO4 in sulfuric acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, bromide, phosphate, and sulfate in an ashed baking additive using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of 1 (3) µg/L of chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate after direct injection using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in an etching reagent using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in surface water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression; nitrite with electrochemical detection (conductivity and ELCD detectors in series).

Determination of bromide, nitrate, and phosphate in wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of bromide and phosphate in waste dump drainage water in the presence of very high concentrations of other ions and organic substances using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of bromide and sulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate in rainwater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate in boric acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Reproducibility of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate in the ppb range using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, and iodide in rock leachant using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and sulfate in bath salts (sea salt) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in boric acid with sample preconcentration using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of traces of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in 15% NaOH using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline sample neutralization.

Determination of chloride, bromide, and sulfate in photographic process wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of iodide and thiosulfate in photographic process wastewater using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the carbon paste electrode after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, bromide, and sulfate in seawater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, phosphate, and monofluorophosphate in glutamine monofluorophosphate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfite, phosphate, and sulfate in wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of iodide in common salt using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in corrosion powder using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of bromide in NaCl crystals using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, and iodide in mineral extracts using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of gluconate, fluoride, formate, chloride, nitrate, and salicylate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of bromide and sulfate in brine (300 g/L NaCl) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate in colored liquors using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, sulfate, iodide, and molybdate in mineral tablets using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate in water for infusion solution production using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, bromide, and sulfate in process wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in wastewater using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in Schoeniger absorption solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, phosphate, monofluorophosphate, and sulfate in toothpaste using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, glycolate, monochloroacetate, and chloride in a surfactant solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of fluoride, glycolate, chloride, and oxalate in a latex dispersion using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and dialysis for sample preparation.

Determination of chloride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in 20% NaOH after inline neutralization by cation exchange on the 793 IC Sample Prep Module using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, benzoate, and sulfate in PVC film using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of lactate, acetate, chloride, methylsulfate, bromide, and sulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of bromide, sulfate, and iodide in 1 g/L sodium chloride using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, sulfite, and sulfate in river water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride in adipic acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of iodide, thiosulfate, and thiocyanate in the presence of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate using anion chromatography with a high-pressure gradient and conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfite, sulfate, phosphate, oxalate, thiosulfate, and thiocyanate (heat stable salts) in scrubber solutions using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, trimetaphosphate, and tripolyphosphate in tetrasodium pyrophosphate using anion chromatography with a high pressure gradient and conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, oxalate, thiosulfate, iodide, and citrate in a standard solution using anion chromatography with a high pressure gradient and conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of traces of fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate in a boiler feed water containing 10 mg/L ammonia using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline sample preparation by cation exchange.

Determination of traces of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, and sulfate in an ion exchanger eluate containing 2 g/L nitrate using anion chromatography with a step gradient and conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of the method detection limit (MDL) and method quantification limit (MQL) of bromate in drinking water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of iodide in milk powder using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline sample preparation by dialysis.

Determination of iodide in a table salt using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate in inositol using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, and trifluoroacetate (TFA) in a peptide sample using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of bromide, sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate in a photographic developer solution using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, and sulfate in an absorption solution containing H2O2 using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in wastewater containing N-methylpyrrolidone using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline matrix elimination.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and iodide in a mineral water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfite, and sulfate in an etching bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate in beer wort using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of iodide in a human 24 hour urine sample using anion chromatography with amperometric detection after chemical suppression. The result agrees with that of the photometric method. UV detection did not work.

Determination of 21 anions and organic acids using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and applying a high pressure gradient.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in water from an agricultural irrigation system using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, and chloride in gasoline using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, and chloride in a brake fluid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, selenite, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, and selenate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride and bromide in an absorption solution after Wickbold digestion using anion chromatographywith conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

ケミカルサプレッション後の電気伝導度検出を伴う、陰イオンクロマトグラフィを用いたフッ化物、MSA (メチルスルホン酸)、EDSA (エチルジスルホン酸)、MDSA (メチルジスルホン酸) の測定を紹介しています。

Determination of traces of fluoride and sulfate in 35% hydrochloric acid (HCl) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and sample preparation by inline neutralization.

Qualitative determination of chloride, phosphate, and sulfate as well as chlorite, nitrite, chlorate, bromide, and chromate in urine using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate in a closed cooling water system using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in a borate effluent using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, phosphate, sulfite, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate in a beer using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of chloride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in dimethylacetamide using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and oxalate in a perfluorocarbon material using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

このアプリケーションでは、飲料水中の塩化物イオン、硝酸イオン、硫酸イオンに加え、臭素酸イオン、亜塩素酸イオン、塩素酸イオンなどの消毒副生成物をUS EPA 300.1に従って分析しています。単一測定で高感度・高効率なイオンクロマトグラフィーを実現します。

加圧水型原子炉（PWR）一次冷却水中のフッ素イオン、グリコール酸イオン、酢酸イオン、蟻酸イオン、塩化物イオン、亜硝酸イオン、硝酸イオンおよび硫酸イオンを、化学抑制後の導電率検出法を用いた陰イオンクロマトグラフィーにより定量し、Metrohm インラインキャリブレーションにて校正を行った。

Determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, nitrate, and sulfate in a gasoline/bioethanol mixture (85% gasoline, 15% ethanol) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression and Metrohm Inline Matrix Elimination.

Determination of fluoride in green tea using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, acetate, propionate, formate, butyrate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, benzoate, phosphate, sulfate, malonate, and oxalate in an industrial process water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, sulfate, malonate, succinate, and oxalate in Bayer liquor using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of the cross contamination of 100 mg/L of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate to ultrapure water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and inline ultrafiltration.

Determination of fluoride, hypophosphite, chlorite, bromate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, chlorate, nitrate, phosphite, phosphate, sulfate, arsenate, iodide, chromate, and perchlorate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after gradient elution and chemical suppression.

電気伝導度検出およびシーケンシャルサプレッション付き陰イオンクロマトグラフィによる混合燃料 E85 (エタノール 85% およびガソリン 15%) 中のフッ化物、酢酸塩、ギ酸塩、塩化物、亜硝酸塩、硝酸塩、リン酸塩および硫酸塩の測定を紹介しています。インラインマトリックス除去はサンプル前処理の役割を果たします。

Determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide in petroleum coke after microwave combustion using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

メトロームインテリジェントパーシャルループ インジェクションの技術は、イオンクロマトグラフィにおいて、標準溶液のうち1:100（例えば、2μL～200μL注入容量に対応する1μg/L～100μg/L）の可変注入を可能にします。可変注入の全範囲をサンプルに適用すると、1つのキャリブレーションは100倍のサンプル濃度範囲をカバーします。

Determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate impurities in syringe filters using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate on a short column or the ions mentioned plus bromate and nitrite on a long column in water samples applying intelligent column-switching using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, and nitrate in concentrated sulfuric acid (96…98%) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

冷却潤滑油に含まれる主要な陰イオンをサンプル自動前処理システム（インライン透析）を使用して、時間のかかる前処理工程を自動化し、イオンクロマトグラフで測定したアプリケーションです。

Determination of fluoride, formate, acetate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, and molybdate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and Metrohm Inline Dialysis.

Determination of fluoride, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate in sodium tetraborate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression. Inline acidification is applied to convert tetraborate into boric acid which is not retained on the preconcentration column. Inline calibration minimizes the anion contamination.

Determination of acetate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, oxalate, fumarate, and molybdate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression.

Determination of fluoride, formate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, and molybdate in a coolant using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and Metrohm Inline Dialysis.

Partial loop injection is a well known way of sample introduction to HPLC. In ion chromatography it is not yet used to a large extent. Liquid handling with Metrohm's Dosino technology now enables to use partial loop injection on a highly reproducible and accurate level. It includes multi-level calibration out of one standard solution. This AN shows its use for parallel anion and cation determination in tap water applying one single Sample Processor. The cation results are shown in Applicatin Note C-133.

The state-of-the-art tri-chamber suppressor technology provides a fresh suppressor chamber for each measurement. The complete regeneration of the chamber after each sample ensures highly efficient cation exchange – today, tomorrow, and even after years of continuous operation.The chromatograms as well as the statistical data demonstrate the outstanding reproducibility of the measurements with the Metrohm Suppressor Module.

Eluent preparation on demand (EPOD) is the convenient and flexible way of automatic eluent preparation. The 849 Level Control together with an 800 Dosino equipped with a 50 mL dosing unit are used to dilute an eluent concentrate to the final eluent concentration. The use of eluent concentrates is suitable for any type of eluent. This facilitates unattended operation of the system over several weeks (see AN C-134 for cation eluent preparation).

Anion analysis in milk requires a sophisticated sample preparation to avoid column fouling by fats or proteins. Here Metrohm Inline Dialysis is the perfect automated technique. In dairy products iodide, thiocyanate, and perchlorate need to be determined regularly for health and hygiene reasons. This application allows for the first time to analyze these three components in this matrix within one run.

Ionic liquids, also denominated as «designer solvents», are organic salts that are liquid at low temperatures. They are powerful solvents, conduct the electric current, and are therefore used in many applications. Anions, in particular halogenides, are common byproducts in the manufacturing of ionic liquids. Therefore, their concentration has to be controlled.

VoltIC pro I is the perfect combination of voltammetry and ion chromatography for the fully automated analysis of anions, cations, and heavy metals (e.g., Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu): comprehensive water analysis on a single system.

The determination of anions in tap water is a simple IC application. Here it is used to present Metrohm's intelligent Pick-up Technique (MiPuT). MiPuT enables the injection of volumes of minimum size from very small sample quantities. In the present case, two volumes of 10 µL from a sample 100 µL in size are used for anion and cation analysis, respectively. The calibration takes place through the injection of various volumes of a single standard solution. AN-C-141 describes the corresponding cation determination.

メトローム可変インライン前濃縮 (MiPCT-ME) は、前濃縮、マトリックス除去、およびマルチレベル校正を組み合わせた強力なツールです。後者では、単一のマルチイオン標準溶液のみが必要です。800 Dosino はすべての液体処理タスクを引き継ぎます。このシステム設定では、0.1 µg/L から最大 1.0 mg/L までのサンプル分析が可能です。

Water of the water-steam cycle of boiling water reactors (BWR) needs to be free of corrosive anions. Analyzing these trace anions allows the parallel determination of chromate, which is a potential corrosion product. Automated sample preparation includes variable Inline Preconcentration (MiPCT) and automatic calibration with a single multi-ion calibration standard.

The determination of low nitrite concentrations in the presence of excess sodium chloride is demanding due to the small retention time difference of these two anions. Dual detection – conductivity and UV/VIS – is a powerful method for determining nitrite traces in a 20 g/L sodium matrix. The UV/VIS chromatogram displays no chloride interferences. The determination of ammonium traces in the presence of excess sodium is described in AN-C-145.

Cleanliness is indispensable in electronics production. Ionic contaminations in particular lead to a drastic worsening of the quality of the printed circuit boards. The present Application Note describes the determination of anions on printed circuit board surfaces. The intelligent Partial Loop Injection Technique (MiPT) used for this purpose permits the determination of cations and anions in the same sample. The determination of the cations is described in AN-C-149.

Fast IC means a high sample throughput. This is attained with short columns, relatively high flows and strong eluents. Here standard anions are determined within three minutes on the Metrosep A Supp 10 - 50/4.0.

Fast IC means short run times and a high sample throughput. This is attained using short columns and strong eluents. Fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate and oxalate are separated in less than eight minutes using the Metrosep A Supp 5 - 100/4.0.

Fast IC means short run times and a high sample throughput. This is attained using short columns and strong eluents. Drinking water (including fluoride) is analyzed on the Metrosep A Supp 5 - 100/4.0 under the same conditions as in AN-S-322.

Swimming pool water needs to be thoroughly disinfected and this is often accomplished with ozonization. This process can generate harmful oxyhalides, the concentration of which must be monitored. Here the separation and determination of oxyhalides as well as standard anions are carried out using a column of the Metrosep A Supp 5 - 250/4.0 type. Quantification takes place using conductivity detection in accordance with sequential suppression.

FDG gypsum originates from flue gas desulfurization systems in power plants. VGB-M 701 E (2008) describes aqueous extraction methods for determining chloride in FDG gypsum using ion chromatography. The sample preparation described in the VGB permits the determination of other anions besides chloride.

マイクロボア陰イオンカラム Metrosep A Supp 5 は、150mmと250mmのものがあります。7種標準イオンの分離時間は、それぞれ20分、29分となっています。マイクロボアカラムは分離に対する有利な特性を有し、分離時間が短い上に、消費する溶離剤の量は4mmの同等器具より約75%少ないものとなっています。

Metrosep A Supp 5 - 250/2.0 マイクロボアバージョンのカラムの安定性に関して、長期間に渡るラボ試験による調査が行われました。6日間連続で、それぞれ2セットのインジェクションが行われました。それぞれのセットは水道水のインジェクション9回、検査基準のインジェクションが3回、そして水道水のインジェクション6回から構成されています。それぞれ7日目には、イオンクロマトグラフィシステムをシャットダウンしました。ICシステムは計12週間以上稼働し、計2650回のインジェクションが行われました。その結果は傑出した再現性を示し、カラムの高度な安定性が立証されました。

カラム Metrosep A Supp 5 - 250/4.0 の安定性に関して、長期間に渡るラボ試験による調査が行われました。6日間連続で、それぞれ2セットのインジェクションが行われました。それぞれのセットは水道水のインジェクション9回、検査基準のインジェクション3回、そして水道水のインジェクション6回から構成されています。それぞれ7日目には、ICシステムをシャットダウンしました。ICシステムは計10週間以上稼働し、計2150回のインジェクションが行われました。その結果は傑出した再現性を示し、カラムの高度な安定性が立証されました。

インライン限外ろ過は、イオンクロマトグラフィにおいて、粒子状物質、海藻、または細菌によって軽度または中程度に汚染されたサンプルのための、信頼度の高いサンプル前処理技術です。ろ過およびインジェクションは連結して完全自動で進行します。通常、100 種類およびそれ以上のサンプルを 1 枚の皮膜でろ過することができます。分析後にフィルター皮膜を Dosino 逆洗にてもう一度洗浄することにより、高度に汚染された製革工場の廃水における使用であっても、耐用期間をインジェクション 300 回分以上に延長することができます。

4-ヒドロキシ酪酸(GHB)はヒドロキシカルボン酸に属し、多くの国で違法な向精神薬として使用されています。GHBはサプレッションを伴う陰イオンクロマトグラフィによって測定することができます。カラムMetrosep A Supp 16 - 250/4.0を使用し、ここで示している条件で測定すると、イオンクロマトグラフィで、GHBを標準陰イオンおよびグリコール酸、酢酸塩、ギ酸塩などといった有機酸陰イオンから分離できます。

EL規格（Electronic Grade）の硝酸に含まれる陰イオンによる汚れ（mg/Lの範囲）は、微量でなければなりません。このような微量陰イオンのイオンクロマトグラフィによる測定には、大容量のカラムの他に、その他全ての重要なイオンの後にはじめて硝酸塩をカラムから溶出する溶離剤が必要となります。この分離は、強い炭酸塩/炭酸水素塩溶離剤を用いてMetrosep A Supp 16 - 250/4.0のカラム型において行われます。

VoltIC Professional 1は、陰イオン、陽イオン、重金属（例えばZn、Cd、Pb、Cu）の完全自動同時分析のために、ボルタンメトリー（VA）とイオンクロマトグラフィを組み合わせた分析システムです。マルチパラメーター分析では、同じ「リキッドハンドリング」装置と共有のサンプルチェンジャーを用いて、スペースとコストを節約できます。

内径2mmのマイクロボアカラムにより、イオンクロマトグラフで使用する溶離液の消費量が約4分の1に低減されます。その結果、該当するサンプル濃度で検出されるピークエリアは4倍に増幅されます。この技術資料では、Metrosep A Supp 5 - 150/2.0カラムにおける飲料水中の陰イオンの測定について紹介しています。

サプレッションされた電気伝導度検出を伴うイオンクロマトグラフィーでは、校正曲線が完全に線形ではないことが頻繁に起こります。特に、校正が広い濃度範囲を網羅しなければならない場合、異なる濃度範囲における複数の校正曲線が適用されるなら、結果の精度はより高くなるでしょう。MagIC Netソフトウェアにより、たった1回の測定において複数の校正曲線を適用させることが可能となります。これは、すべてのイオンに最適の校正が適用され、結果の精度が改善されることを意味します。このメソッドは雨水サンプルにも適用されます。

陰イオンと陽イオンの並行分析は、陰イオンと陽イオンの両方を分析しなければならない時に一般的に行われます。ここでは、このような分析における陰イオンの場合について記述します。サンプルは、ビルトインのインジェクタにより、889 IC Sample Centerから陰イオンチャンネルに注入されます。システム全体は、Metrohm IC Driver 2.0 を用いた Empower によって制御されます。陽イオン分析に関してはAN-C-166をご参照ください。

複合相のワニス剥離剤（リムーバー）では、グリコール酸塩および乳酸塩を測定する必要があります。分析は上層の水相のみ行われます。カラムはMetrosep A Supp 16 - 250/4.0 カラムを使用します。エルエントの組成は、ホルム酸とアセテートの干渉なしにグリコレートと乳酸を十分に分離するように調整されています。シーケンシャルサプレッション後に伝導度検出器の付いたイオンクロマトグラフで測定をおこないます。

ピロリン酸塩は、過酸化水素水溶液の安定剤として使用されます。「Reagent grade」の過酸化水素には、高mg/Lの範囲でピロリン酸塩が含まれることがありますが、「electronic grade」の過酸化水素では、この安定剤を可能な限り含まないことが望まれます。本アプリケーションでは、高純度過酸化水素水液（30%）中のピロリン酸塩分析をインラインマトリックス除去（MiPCT-ME）とドジーノグラジエント分析法にて分析しました。

メトロームのイオンクロマトグラフ Eco ICは、水のルーチン分析に最適なエントリーモデルのイオンクロマトグラフです。伝導度検出器やケミカルサプレッサも標準装備されています（サプレッサは使用してもしなくても操作できます）。上記クロマトグラフでは、Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0カラムを使用してアニオン分析を行っています。カラムは、室温での水分析専用カラムになります。

モノエチレングリコールは、液化前の天然ガスの脱水に用いられ、日常的にその純度をチェックしなければなりません。無機陰イオンおよびそれに関連する酸には腐蝕性があります。そのため、それらは最低限に抑える必要があります。マイクロボアMetrosep A Supp 16 - 250/2.0カラムを使用して、連続サプレッションに後続する電気伝導度検出器を備えたイオンクロマトグラフで測定することで、モノエチレングリコールの定量化ができます。

マイクロボア Metrosep A Supp 4 - 250/2.0 カラムは、重要なサンプルに含まれる陰イオンの分析に特に適しています。この技術資料では、下水サンプルが分析されています。サンプルに必要なのは、からむへの注入前に、ろ過をするだけです。陰イオンはシーケンシャルサプレッション後に電気伝導度検出器を用いて定量します。

EN ISO 10304-1は、水サンプル中の7つの標準陰イオンの測定にとって最も重要な規格の1つです。ICによる陰イオン測定が必要な場合は、他の多くの規格でEN ISO 10304-01を参照します。この規格は、必要に応じて、細菌および固形物を避けなければならないサンプルのために皮膜ろ過を求めるものです。このアプリケーションは、インライン限外ろ過を適用し、EN ISO 10304-1に準拠した陰イオンの測定について示しています。この設定は面倒な手作業のサンプルろ過を避け、どのサンプルも完全に自動で処理します。

この技術資料では、イオンクロマトグラフを使用した、半導体グレード28%水酸化アンモニウム溶液に含まれる陰イオン不純物の測定について紹介しています。サンプルマトリックスの妨害を避けるため、サンプルマトリックス除去を伴うインライン中和およびインライン予備濃縮を使用しています。